在PowerPC处理器中，内存地址与I/O地址统一编址，访问内存单元和I/O设备是靠______来区分的。
- A.数据总线上输出的数据
- B.不同的地址
- C.内存与I/O设备使用不同的地址总线
- D.不同的指令
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
本题考查计算机编址方式的基础知识。在不同的计算机系统中，I/O端口的地址编排有两种形式：存储器统一编址和I/O独立编址。I/O独立编址是指I/O端口编址和存储器的编址相互独立，即I/O端口地址空间和存储器地址空间分开设置，互不影响。采用这种编址方式，对I/O端口的操作使用输入/输出指令(I/O指令)。I/O独立编址的优点是：不占用内存空间；使用I/O指令，程序清晰，很容易看出是I/O操作还是存储器操作；译码电路比较简单(因为I/O端口的地址空间一般较小，所用地址线也就较少)。其缺点是：只能用专门的I/O指令，访问端口的方法不如访问存储器的方法多。上面两种编址方式各有优点和缺点，究竟采用哪一种取决于系统的总体设计。在一个系统中也可以同时使用两种方式，前提是首先要支持I/O独立编址。Intel的x86微处理器都支持I/O独立编址，因为它们的指令系统中都有I/O指令，并设置了可以区分I/O访问和存储器访问的控制信号引脚。而一些微处理器或单片机，为了减少引脚，从而减少芯片占用面积，不支持I/O独立编址，只能采用存储器统一编址。在PowerPC处理器中，内存地址与I/O地址采用统一编址的方式，存储器统一编址，即从存储空间中划出一部分地址给I/O端口。CPU访问端口和访问存储器的指令在形式上完全相同，只能从地址范围来区分两种操作。
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