以下关于嵌入式系统总线的描述中，不正确的是______。
- A.异步通信时数据是一帧一帧传送的，每帧数据的传送靠起始位来同步
- B.SPI、II
- C.UART都属于串行通信方式C同步通信方式是字符同步，且在字符与字符之间的时序仍然是同步的
- D.R$232、RS485、USB.IEEE 1394总线都属于外部总线
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
本题考查嵌入式系统总线方面的基础知识。嵌入式系统总线一般有内部总线、系统总线和外部总线。内部总线是嵌入式系统内部各外围芯片与处理器之间的总线；而系统总线是嵌入式系统中各插件板与系统板之间的总线；外部总线则是微机和外部设备之间的总线，嵌入式系统通过该总线和其他设备进行信息与数据交换。内部总线一般包括12C总线、SPI总线、SCI总线等；系统总线包括ISA总线、EISA总线、VESA总线、PCI总线等；外部总线包括RS232、RS485、USB总线、IEEE 1394总线等。
另外，嵌入式处理器的通信方式有并行通信和串行通信，相应的通信总线被称为并行总线和串行总线。并行通信速度快、实时性好，但由于占用的口线多，不适于小型化产品；而串行通信速率虽低，但在数据通信吞吐量不大的微处理电路中则显得更加简易、方便、灵活。典型的串行通信总线包括SPI、IIC、UART等。典型的并行通行总线包括PCI、HPI等。同时，总线传输还可以分为同步通信方式和异步通信方式两类。简单来说，同步通信是一种比特同步通信技术，要求发收双方具有同频同相的同步时钟信号，只需在传送报文的最前面附加特定的同步字符，使发收双方建立同步，此后便在同步时钟的控制下逐位发送/接收，对于字符间的时序并没有特殊要求。
相对于同步通信，异步通信在发送字符时，所发送的字符之间的时隙可以是任意的。但是接收端必须时刻做好接收的准备。发送端可以在任意时刻开始发送字符，因此必须在每一个字符的开始和结束的地方加上标志，即加上开始位和停止位，以便使接收端能够正确地将每一个字符接收下来。
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