（ ）将软件生命周期分为制定计划、需求分析、软件设计、程序编写、软件测试和运行维护六个基本活动
- A.瀑布模型
- B.增量模型
- C.螺旋模型
- D.快速原型模型
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
瀑布模型是最早出现的软件开发模型，它将软件生命周期分为制定计划、需求分析、软件设计、程序编写、软件测试和运行维护六个基本活动，并且规定了它们自上而下、相互衔接的固定次序，如同瀑布流水，逐级落下，因此形象地称为瀑布模型。在瀑布模型中，软件开发的各项活动严格按照线性方式组织，当前活动依据上一项活动的工作成果完成所需的工作内容。当前活动的工作成果需要进行验证，若验证通过，则该成果作为下一项活动的输入继续进行下一项活动；否则返回修改。尤其要注意的是瀑布模型强调文档的作用，并在每个阶段都进行仔细验证。由于这种模型的线性过程太过理想化，已不适合现代的软件开发模式。
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