某网上商品销售系统的业务流程如下:(1)将客户的订单记录(订单号,客户D,商品ID,购买数量)写入订单表;(2)将库存表(商品D,库存量)中订购商品的库存量减去该商品的购买数量。
【问题1】假设库存量有大于等于0 的约束,可能出现如下情况:当订单记录写入订单表后,修改库存表时因违法约束而无法执行,应如何处理? (100字以内)
【问题2】引入如下伪指令:将商品A 的订单记录插入订单表记为I(A);读取商品A 的库存量到变量x,记为x = R(A);变量x 值写入商品A 中的库存量,记为W(A, x)。则客户i 的销售业务伪指令序列为:Ii(A), xi= Ri(A), xi= xi–ai, Wi(A, xi) 。其中ai为商品的购买数量。假设当前库存量足够,不考虑发生修改后库存量小于0 的情况。若客户1、客户2同时购买同一种商品时,可能出现的执行序列为:I1(A), I2(A), x1= R1(A), x2= R2(A), x1= x1–a1, W1(A, x1),x2= x2–a2, W2(A, x2)
(1)此时会出现什么问题?(100字以内)
(2)为了解决上述问题,引入共享锁指令SLock(A)和独占锁指令XLock(A)对数据A 进行加锁,解锁指令Unlock(A)对数据A 进行解锁,客户i 的加锁指令用SLocki(A)表示,其他类同。插入订单表的操作不需要引入锁指令。请补充上述执行序列,使其满足2PL 协议,并使持有锁的时间最短。
【问题2】下面是用E-SQL 实现的销售业务程序的一部分,请补全空缺处的代码。SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL REPEATABLE READ;INSERT INTO 订单表VALUES ( :OID, :CID, :MID, :qty);if error then { ROLLBACK;(a);}UPDATE 库存表SET 库存量=库存量- :qtyWHERE(b);if error then { ROLLBACK; return; }(c)
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
【问题1】将写订单记录和修改库存表作为一个完整的事务来处理,当修改库存表无法执行时,回滚事务,则会撤销写入的订单记录,数据库保持一致。
【问题2】(1)出现问题:客户1 购买后写入的库存量值被覆盖,库存量不能体现客户l已购买,属于丢失修改造成的数据库不一致性。(2)加锁后的执行序列:I1(A), I2(A), XLock1(A), x1= R1(A),x1= x1–a1, W1(A, x1),UnLock1(A), XLock2(A), x2= R2(A), x2= x2–a2, W2(A, x2) ,UnLock2(A)
【问题3】(a)return(b)商品ID= :MID(c)COMMIT
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