题目详情

某咖啡店当卖咖啡时,可以根据顾客的要求在其中加入各种配料,咖啡店会根据所加入的配料来计算费用。咖啡店所供应的咖啡及配料的种类和价格如下表所示。

中级软件设计师,历年真题,2012年上半年(下午)《软件设计师》真题

现采用装饰器(Decorator)模式来实现计算费用的功能,得到如图6-1所示的类图

中级软件设计师,历年真题,2012年上半年(下午)《软件设计师》真题

【Java代码】

import java.util.*;

(1)class Beverage{//饮料

String description="Unknown Beverage";

public(2)(  ){return description;}

public(3);

}

abstract class CondimentDecorator extends Beverage{//配料

(4);

}

class Espresso extends Beverage{//蒸馏咖啡

private final int ESPRESSO_PRICE=25;

public Espresso(  ){description="Espresso";}

public int cost(  ){return ESPRESSO_PRICE;}

}

class DarkRoast extends Beverage{//深度烘焙咖啡

private finalint DARKROAST_PRICE=20;

public DarkRoast0{description="DarkRoast";}

public int cost(  ){rcturn DARKROAST PRICE;}

}

class Mocha extends CondimentDecorator{//摩卡

private final int MOCHA_PRICE=10;

public Mocha(Beverage beverage){

this.beverage=beverage;

}

public String getDescription(  ){

return beverage.getDescription0+",Mocha";

}

public int cost(  ){

return MOCHA_PRICE+beverage.cost(  );

}

}

class Whip extends CondimentDecorator{//奶泡

private finalint WHIP_PRICE=8;

public Whip(Beverage beverage){this.beverage=beverage;}

public String getDescription(  ){

return beverage.getDescription(  )+",Whip";

}

public int cost(  ){return WHIP_PRICE+beverage.cost(  );}

}

public class Coffee{

public static void main(String args[]){

Beverage beverage=new DarkRoast(  );

beverage=new Mocha((5));

beverage=new Whip((6));

System.out.println(beverage.getDescription0+"¥"+beverage.cost(  ));

}

}

编译运行上述程序,其输出结果为:

DarkRoast,Mocha,Whip¥38

正确答案及解析

正确答案
解析

(1)abstract

(2)String getDescription

(3)abstract int cost()

(4)Beverage beverage

(5)beverage

(6)beverage

本题考查了Java语言的应用能力和装饰设计模式的应用。

第(1)空很明显,是要给类Beverage前添加定义的关键字,从整个程序来看,我们应该要将类Beverage定义为抽象类,需要在前面添加关键字abstract,因此第(1)空的答案为abstract。

第(2)空处也很明显,是要给出一个函数的定义,并且该函数的函数体是“return description;”,从子类奶泡和摩卡中我们不难发现这个函数应该是getDescription,而该函数的返回类型String,因此本空的答案为String getDescription。

第(3)空需要结合后面各子类才能发现,在Beverage中还应该定义一个函数cost(),而这个函数在Beverage中并没有实现,因此要定义为抽象函数,所以第(3)空的答案为abstract int cost()=0。

第(4)空在类CondimentDecorator中,且是该类唯一的一条语句,而他的子类分别是奶泡和摩卡,在奶泡和摩卡这两个类中,都用到了Beverage beverage,而在使用之前并没有说明,因此这就可以判定,Beverage beverage是在父类CondimentDecorator中定义的,子类直接继承使用,因此第(4)空的答案为Beverage beverage。

第(5)和第(6)空在主函数当中,其中第(5)空是要创建一个Mocha对象,应该调用的是类Mocha的构造函数,从类Mocha中,我们可以看出,其构造函数Mocha的参数是一个Beverage类型的对象引用,而在主函数中,开始就定义了一个Beverage类型的对象引用beverage,因此这里只需填写beverage即可。同理第(6)空的答案也是beverage。

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