用哈希表存储元素时，需要进行冲突（碰撞）处理，冲突是指（ ）。
- A.关键字被依次映射到地址编号连续的存储位置
- B.关键字不同的元素被映射到相同的存储位置
- C.关键字相同的元素被映射到不同的存储位置
- D.关键字被映射到哈希表之外的位置
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
哈希法又称散列法、杂凑法以及关键字地址计算法等，相应的表成为哈希表。其基本思想：首先在元素的关键字K和元素的位置P之间建立一个对应关系f，使得P=f（K），其中f成为哈希函数。创建哈希表时，把关键字K的元素直接存入地址为f（K）的单元；查找关键字K的元素时利用哈希函数计算出该元素的存储位置P=f（K）；当关键字集合很大时，关键字值不同的元素可能会映像到哈希表的同一地址上，即K1!=K2，但f（K1）=f（K2），这种现象称为hash冲突，实际中冲突是不可避免的，只能通过改进哈希函数的性能来减少冲突。
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