题目详情

某信息系统开发公司承担了某企业的ERP系统开发项目,由项目经理老杨带领着一支6人的技术团队负责开发。由于工期短、任务重,老杨向公司申请增加人员,公司招聘了2名应届大学毕业生小陈和小王补充到该团队中。老杨安排编程能力强的小陈与技术骨干老张共同开发某些程序模块,而安排编程技术弱的小王负责版本控制工作。在项目开发初期,小陈由于不熟悉企业的业务需求,需要经常更改他和老张共同编写的源代码文件,但是他不知道哪个是最新版本,也不知道老张最近改动了哪些地方。一次由于小王的计算机中了病毒,造成部分程序和文档丢失,项目组不得不连续一周加班进行重新返工。此后,老杨吸取教训,要求小王每天下班前把所有最新版本程序和文档备份到2台不同的服务器上。一段时间后,项目组在模块联调时发现一个基础功能模块存在重大BUG,需要调取之前的备份进行重新开发。可是小王发现,这样一来,这个备份版本之后的所有备份版本要么失去意义,要么就必须全部进行相应的修改。项目工期过半,团队中的小李突然离职,老杨在他走后发现找不到小李所负责模块的最新版本源代码了.只好安排其他人员对该模块进行重新开发。

整个项目在经历了重重困难,进度延误了2个月后终于勉强上线试运行。可是很快用户就反应系统无法正常工作。老杨带领所有团队成员在现场花费了1天时间终于找出问题所在,原来是2台备份服务器上的版本号出现混乱,将测试版本中的程序打包到了发布版中。

【问题1】(5分)

在(1)~(5)中填写恰当内容(从候选答案中选择一个正确选项,将该选项编号填入答题纸对应栏内)。

为了控制变更,软件配置管理中引入了__(1)__这一概念。根据这个定义,在软件的开发流程中把所有需加以控制的配置项分为两类,其中,__(2)__配置项包括项目的各类计划和报告等。配置项应该按照一定的目录结构保存到__(3)__中。所有配置项的操作权限由__(4)__进行严格管理,其中__(5)__配置项向软件开发人员开放读取的权限。

(1)~(5)供选择的答案:

A.版本

B.基线

C.配置项

D.非基线

E.受控库

F.静态库

G.配置库

H.CMO

I.PM

J.CCB

【问题2】(4分)

结合案例,请分析为什么要进行配置项的版本控制

【问题3】(5分)

简述配置项的版本控制流程。

【问题4】(8分)

针对该项目在配置管理方面存在的问题,结合你的项目管理经验,为老杨提出一些改进措施。

正确答案及解析

正确答案
解析

该题目是一道典型的配置管理问题,包括配置管理的概念、过程、版本管理、基线管理、变更管理等。着重考察考生的配置管理知识的掌握情况及应用能力。

【问题1】

该问题主要考察基线的概念,哪些配置项作为基线类配置项,哪些配置项作为非基线类配置项,还有配置管理的文件存储,配置管理的权限分配、管理职责等。

配置管理主要由配置管理员负责管理,并按照配置管理规范向项目成员授予相应的权限,如软件开发人员有自由读取的权限。

所有配置项保存在配置库中。配置库包括开发库(动态库),受控库(主库)、产品库(静态库)3类。开发库主要面向开发人员,保存开发人员在工作工程中的临时文档;受控库主要保存基线类的文档;产品库主要保存经过测试的等待交付给客户的产品包、用户手册等。

【问题2】

该问题主要考察的是配置管理中版本管理的目的,考生只要按照教程上介绍的要点回答即可。当学员无法记全书本上的要点时,可从题目的说明中找到部分的答题要点。版本管理的目的包括:(1)在项目开发过程中,绝大部分的配置项都要经过多次的修改才能最终确定下来。对配置项的任何修改都将产生新的版本。(2)由于我们不能保证新的版本一定比旧的版本好,所以不能抛弃旧版本。(3)版本控制的目的是按照一定的规则保存配置项的所有版本,避免发生版本丢失或混淆的现象,并且可以快速准确的找到配置项的任何版本。

【问题3】

本问题考查配置管理的版本管理流程。该问题属于简答题的形式,考生只要记住管理流程就可以答对。核心是参考教程的图15-2,即草稿状态的配置项;通过评审后即进入受控的状态(正式发布);如果需要修改,经过审批同意修改,修改后再次经过评审通过,进入受控状态。

【问题3】

这个问题的问法比较常见,就是找出项目说明中存在的问题,并给出改进措施(或则解决措施)。改进措施说的是今后如何改进,保证类似问题以后不再发生。解决措施说的是如何解决当前的实际问题。

该类问题的答题技巧是,首先从题目说明中找出关键词汇(或语句),然后根据问题再给出针对性的解决措施,最后做适当整理、规划即可。有时候可能需要分两问回答,题目会先问存在哪些问题,再问如何解决这些问题,考生一定要注意,防止漏答。

从题目说明可知,项目经理老杨安排没有配置管理经验的小王负责版本管理,推断出需要加强配置管理培训;从配置管理的混乱状态中推断出该项目缺少配置控制委员会,也没有配置管理规范,还要使用有能力的人员担任配置管理工作;从老杨吸取的经验教训就是用两台不同的服务器上备份文档,推断他们没有配置管理系统或配置管理工具,而且没有版本管理。针对以上问题,我们还需要给出针对性的改进意见:

(1)强化团队在配置管理方面的观念和意识,对员工进行全面的配置管理知识培训。

(2)成立配置控制委员会,有胜任的人员担任配置管理员。

(3)制定规范的配置管理流程并严格执行。

(4)结合公司情况,选择有效的配置管理工具。

【问题1】(5分)

(1)B

(2)D

(3)G

(4)H

(5)B

【问题2】(4分)

在项目开发过程中,绝大部分的配置项都要经过多次的修改才能最终确定下来。对配置项的任何修改都将产生新的版本。由于我们不能保证新版本一定比老版本“好”,所以不能抛弃老版本。版本控制的目的是按照一定的规则保存配置项的所有版本,避免发生版本丢失或混淆等现象,并且可以快速准确地查找到配置项的任何版本。

【问题3】(5分)

(1)创建配置项

(2)修改处于“草稿”状态的配置项

(3)技术评审或领导审批

(4)正式发布

(5)变更

【问题4】(8分)

(l)强化团队在配置管理方面的观念意识,对员工进行全面的配置管理知识培训。

(2)成立配置控制委员会,由胜任的人员担任配置管理员。

(3)制定规范的项目配置管理流程并严格执行。

(4)结合公司情况,选择有效的配置管理工具。

(每项2分,共8分。答案包含但不限于以上要点,考生答案意思正确即可得分)

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