假设员工关系EMP(员工号,姓名,性别,部门,部门电话,部门负责人,家庭住址,家庭成员,成员关系)如下表所示。如果一个部门只能有一部电话和一位负责人,一个员工可以有多个家庭成员,那么关系EMP属于( ),且( )问题;为了解决这一问题,应该将员工关系EMP分解为 (此空作答)。

- A.EMP1(员工号,姓名,性别,家庭住址) EMP2(部门,部门电话,部门负责人) EMP3(员工号,家庭成员,成员关系)
- B.EMP1(员工号,姓名,性别,部门,家庭住址) EMP2(部门,部门电话,部门负责人) EMP3(员工号,家庭成员,成员关系)
- C.EMP1(员工号,姓名,性别,家庭住址) EMP2 (部门,部门电话,部门负责人,家庭成员,成员关系)
- D.EMP1(员工号,姓名,性别,部门,部门电话,部门负责人,家庭住址) EMP2(员工号,家庭住址,家庭成员,成员关系)
正确答案及解析
正确答案
解析
本题因为对一个给定的关系模式进行分解,使得分解后的模式是否与原来的模式等价有如下三种情况:①分解具有无损连接性;②分解要保持函数依赖;③分解既要无损连接性,又要保持函数依赖。选项A是错误的,因为将原关系模式分解成EMP1(员工号,姓名,家庭住址),EMP2(部门,部门电话,部门负责人)和EMP3(员工号,家庭成员,成员关系)三个关系模式,分解后的关系模式既具有损连接,又不能保持函数依赖。因为此时给定员工号已无法查找所在的部门。选项B是正确的,因为将原关系模式分解成EMP1(员工号,姓名,部门,家庭住址),EMP2(部门,部门电话,部门负责人)和EMP3(员工号,家庭成员,成员关系)既具有无损连接性,又保持了函数依赖。选项C是错误的,因为将原关系模式分解成EMP1(员工号,姓名,家庭住址)和 EMP2(部门,部门电话,部门负责人,家庭成员,成员关系)两个关系模式,分解后的关系模式既具有损连接,又不能保持函数依赖。例如,给定员工号无法查找所在的部门,无法查找其家庭成员等信息。选项D是错误的,因为将原关系模式分解成EMP1(员工号,姓名,部门,部门电话,部门负责人,家庭住址)和EMP2(员工号,家庭住址,家庭成员,成员关系)两个关系模式后,所得的关系模式存在冗余和修改操作的不一致性。例如,EMP1中某员工的家庭住址从“陕西省西安市太白路2号”修改为“陕西省西安市雁塔路18号”,而 EMP2中该员工的家庭住址未修改,导致修改操作的不一致性。又如,EMP2中某员工的家庭成员有5个,那么其家庭住址就要重复出现5次,导致数据的冗余。
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